Notes
All Rights Reserved by Professor Min Kim Park
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01/10/18
Brief History of the Photography
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01/10/18
Brief History of the Photography
Postmodernism in photography
(1839-1970s)
Daguerreotype made by Louis Daguerre in 1838
Boulevard du Temple, taken by Daguerre in 1838 in paris
Earliest known candid photograph of a person. The image
shows a busy street, but because the exposure had to continue for several minutes
the moving traffic is not visible
In the Beginning
Camera obscura
Pinhole Cameras
View from the Window at Le Gras taken in 1826 by Nicephore Niepce
L'Atelier De l'artistte (1837), a daguerrotype made by Daguerre himself
Beginning of Black and White Photography (Copper Plate)
William Fox Talbot (1800-1877) and John Herschel Calotype 1841
- he patented Calotype
Photography becomes popular Daguerreotype, Calotype and Tintypes
George Eastman in 1880s
Kodak camera went on a market in 1888 and after the invention of brownie in 1901, photography became so popular
Color Photography (1861-present)
The First Color Photography using three color method suggested by James Clerk Maxwell and taken by Thomas Sutton 1861
The first color photograph in printed in paper 1872, to use subtractive color method, the basis of color photography today. It was taking by Louis ...
First Commercially successful color process, Autochrome
First Commercially viable color film, Kodachrome in 1930s
Introduction to Photography in the Early 20th Century
Eadweard Muybridge, Thoroughbred bay mare "Annie G." galloping, Human and Animal Locomotion, plate 626, 1887
Henri Cartier-Bresson, Behind the Gare St. Lazare, 1932
He is considered as a pioneer of photojournalism
- he is responsible for those decisive moments
- capturing accuracy
- playfulness of the moments
Alfred Stieglitz, The Terminal, photogravure 1892
- sth looking like a painting, or print-making
- 'it's a photograph it's just supposed to show what the world looks like!'
- candid photography
What transformed perception of Photography
Photographers were radically affected by industrialization, political revolution and warfares, motion pictures, radios, airplanes, automobiles....
Everything started to be industrialized.
August Sander, Disabled Man, 1926
Pastry Chef, 1928
Secretary at a Radio Station, Cologne, 1931
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01/10/18
Postmodernism........in the 70s
Postmodernism........in the 70s
Is a hard thing to define ... in its most simple form, it is a term referring to a period "after the modern", or to movements which react to the philosophies and aesthetics of Modernism. In terms of timing, we are generally referring to the period that began after WWII, though more specifically to a beginning point somewhere in the 1960's. Postmodern art doesn't necessarily have a "look" the way many of the isms we have already studied do. It is more of a way of thinking than a visual style. Philosophies like Feminism and Post-Structuralism are contained within the Postmodern. There is also an idea of previous modes and movements being defined as social constructs by those with the most power in a given period or society, Example: if Modernism was concerned with progress, the Postmodernist would ask "progress as defined by whom?"
Rene Magritt's Painting, Pipe
- cynical, mocking
Robert Frank, Parade, 1955
Postmodernism ...
One of my favorite definitions of postmodernism comes from
The Italian novelist and semiotician Umberto Eco. I should say that his view is somewhat cynical!
Unfortunately, "postmodern" is a term bon a tout faire [good for all things]. I have the impression that it is implied today to anything the user of the term happens to like ... Actually, I believe that postmodernism is not a trend to be chronologically defined, but rather, an ideal category... a way of operating.
The moment comes when the avant-garde (the modern) can go no further, because it has produced a meta-language that speaks of its impossible texts (conceptual art). The postmodern reply to the modern consists of recognizing that the past, since it cannot really be destroyed, because its destruction leads to silence, must be ...
1970s
- great authority
- puts her in the position of power
- trying to sell the underware
- underneath the idea of women's independence and power, why is she wearing underwear? she's still in a very vulnerable position. dramatic and sensational. mixed messages
- pretty much talks about everything in postmodernism
- another other than art photography was considered as low-blow art, he broke the convention.
- all elements were combined. he fabricated the scene. utilizing photography as a tool to deliver this message
- association of class and power, gender and lifestyle
- certainly not a blue-collar worker table. indicating mysterious, a upper middle class. martini and marlboro cigarette. the signs: martini glass, marble lights. signifiers.
- freedom. fascinating
Frank Majore
- made into a movement
- mocking the idea of these images, how they are created and recepted
- we don't have to separate that person and identify who that is
- there is no way we can creating an authenticate work, all we can do is copying and copying other people's work
- postmodernism is all about content and context
- recreating art
- appropriated symbolism
- marlboro: individualism. america's independence, brainwashing people. i can't go there but i can smoke marlboro, be a tough guy!
- belongs to appropriation
- walker evans
- cultural specifics. great depression.
- sherrie: "those pictures stop belonging to the photographers already, they start to belong to the culture. culture owns it."
- mocking
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01/17/18
Recap
1. Photography became postmodern art after taking place of painting when modernist concepts of European art became exhausted in 1960s: Unlike Painting Photography did not have to prove that it's high art theories:
Middle Brow Art: Art for everyone
2.Photography in postmodern era was impacted by the IMAGE WORLD. The world had become spectacles. Contemporary visual culture is a spectacle disseminated through photography forms, reproductions of reproductions, simulacra of a reality that never existed. Through Photography, visual culture had become part of the spectacle of popular culture which fascinated its audience and hypnotized them from critiquing society and created a certain kind of social relation.
3.In an Image World overflowing with images and layered with history, it is impossible to "take" pictures with a fresh and innocent eye: all pictures are seen only through other pictures-pictorial intertextuality.
4.Photography became no longer interested capturing realism (Robert Frank, Ansel Adams, Cartier Bresson, etc) but was concerned with re-creating images of images. "Photography," as a direct and immediate capturing of reality takes a certain amount of naivite, no longer available in the Postmodern era. All photography has already been done. The term "re-photography" would be more precise to describe Postmodern photography.
Mark Klett
- how they went there. what type of lens they were using. what's the weather? massive research
-mark klett manipulated the photograph so it didn't look exactly like the original one
Klett's work creates a delicate complexity and depth of meaning built upon layer after layer of recovered human and geological ...
- collecting artistic medium that were populated at the exact time that the photographer took the photograph. how the photographer was influenced by other medium
- how time and space are merged together utilizing different medium
- manipulated colleage
"Untitled Film Stills" in 1970s
- she's just using herself to talking about the condition of the media
- right
- in the library
- reaching, looking at someone else, "hey am i doing it right?" approval for her role, feminity, as a human being
- series she dresses herself, creates this type of fictionious character
- about the role of woman
- left
- marilyn monroe
- "perfect american woman" maybe a representation of american woman
- a lot of women hate her but secretly follow her style
- frightened in the big city landscape
- think about this quote, role of woman, when writing the reflection of the movie
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01/17/18
1. Conceptual photographer is trying to bring some message to the viewers whether it's political, social commentary, emotional zeal... the image itself is not a concept, but general expression of the idea of the photographer.
2. It follows then, that a great deal of conceptual photography concerned with 'nature of representation'...
3. how photographs picture the world - or how the world can be pictured in a photograph. How the photograph represent the world ...
- studied to create this really interesting recreation, don't you just think this is kind of silly
- interesting aspect of how we perceive photograph
- pictorial illusion, flatness of the photograph, flatness of the foreground and the background, illusion of the depth. humorous work
- 'abstractness photograph does not represent reality'
- the distance between the tower and the device is much greater than it seemed to be
- social commentary. how we register, render this photographic world
- hey photograph is purity seeing through and taken by the camera. a manipulation inside the camera
- how reality is created through painting and photograph by this type of illusion
- landscape exist inside us and outside us
John Pfahl
American, born in New York, 1931
- famous for creating illusionistic space
- he literally makes the oranges. oranges get larger as they get farther away.
- visual clues to make you think about
- bagels and tires in the background. illusion. shoots very low so they look the same in volume
- mathematicians. performance artists, sculptor
- obsessed with objective observation about what photography is ought to do
American, born 1951 Lake L'Orange, Canada, 1951
- artist working with illusionary space
- sculptor
- pioneer: photography is not taken, it's actually made
- every single shot is actually constructed and manipulated, everything was planned
- left: cocktail glass
- creating extremely flat surface
Born in Paris, 1947
- long fascination with abandoned building
- make sure these work does not exist after he photographed them. buildings are usually demolished after his photos were taken
- projects these images into the wall, traces them over, make them like a motif
- can be realized only when the camera is at a specific angle
- challenges the viewers to re-analyze your surrounding
- transformative
- conversion
- faithful recreation of reality
- active participant on viewing these works
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01/24/18
conceptual
- illusion of death and transformation of space
- david hockney is interested in photographing the moment. photographs refer time and memory. talks about spacial relationship.
- not considered as photographer. artist who used photography as a tool
- interested in man-made project that mimics nature
- naturally creating 2-d singular photograph referencing time
- experimenting movement and time
- everything is frozen, dead, the moment has passed. the blurness of movement
- challenge the singular static moment of conventional photography
- true document of photography that captures every moments
- how the drivers would look at the road during the time he or she spent driving
- road signs
- psychologically interesting
- captures what human eyes see. continuous movements of our eyes
- collage based on what he remembers. not taken in one day
- important figure addresses the representation of reality
- was a sculptor grew up fascinating with photography representation
- known for working with conventional materials
- left: sugar
- sugar children series
- descendents of slaves
- caribbean island
- white part is sugar
- forgotten ppl who's actually making the history of brazil
- sugar is sweet, alluring, making you happy, making you sick: ppl talk about how sugar should be reduced cuz it attacks human health
- politically challenging
- sth you don't use to make photographs with
- pretty powerful quote still relevant today
- creating this very bold and iconic photography as political statement
- look at photography with responsible eyes
- chocolate syrup
- maintains the distance between the lens and the objects, when you look at chocolate you just forget jackson pollack
- represents what is captured
- jam
- measures ppl's belief system
- abstraction/description
- abstract if u focus on right spot
- descriptive if u focus on what u remember
- actively cooperate with fashion photographer
- he inserts himself as the main character of this photograph
- works with many different media
- painstakingly draws that background, paints over himself. hand-drawn, hand-made. it takes days and months to complete this image
- critics: pure imitation and appropriation
- questions interesting point of view. called cultural commentator (in japan ) who's questioning about how art history is created
- western view of artistic importance
- cultural boundaries in art
- why does art history has to begin with western art when asian art has a longer history
- he's really fascinated in finding out the difference between looking and seeing
- looking: glance at it
- seeing: analyzing all the symbols and every single detail
- when u really see the work, u can understands it
- questioning who is the audience
- does the meaning of the photograph actually change as the identity of the viewer changes?
- his work is much more relevant rn in 21 century
- utilizing popular culture element
- explores the value of art history
- cindy sherman
- using text to inform the image
- how media images and stereotypes affect african american community
- all about race and color
- added color filters on top of the black and white pictures
- color categories describe ppl
- can u get rid of the stereotypes of how these ppl represent
- the meaning of the words is ingrided in ppl's minds
- playing with the sign languages
- sign: the communal agreement to call sth as a name
- signified: identity
- to explore our own words to describe the race and color by utilizing the simple texts
1. Weems said, used the idea of "I saw you and you became" as a way of both speaking out of the image and to the subject of the image. For instance, I say, "You became an anthropological debate and a photographic subject." I am trying to heighten a kind of critical awareness around the way in which these photographs were intended, and then the way in which they are ultimately used by me
- what does red mean?
- right
- straight look
- hard to read
- we have created a sign system around ourselves. how do we actually get out of that?
- use art as a power to civilize ppl and really changes the society
- artist has a responsibility to respond the reality
- bold and not afraid of being criticized at all, "what u're trying to do is really one-dimensional"
- so smart how she talks about this and makes u so guilty!
- think about how to be politically correct
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January 29, 2018
conceptual
American, born in 1960
- photographs shown anonymously, headless. accompanies by text fragments
- known to be someone who breaks the boundary of how portraits should be taken
- gender politics, race... human in general
- the texts and the shoes that are left out tell me more about the person
- we can not stop looking at that person's face to compare if they're not covered
- O J Simpson: super star -> accused of killing his wife
- he was always portrated as whiter skin, glowing, much light. the first time in history of him showing his face so dark
- put against white background, which makes him look darker
- words can write over the image
- how the media dictatorship changes the experience of perception?
- examining between the texts and the images. how to weight between them
- english, born in 1963
- right, 1992-3
- criticizing the idea that they all think performance is the best way to criticize the society, 80s
- the title tells u everything about this project
- from london, goes to the business in london, collect few people who are willing to be photographed, ask them to write down what they were really thinking at that moment.
- documentary photography.
- criticized as explorative.
- they are choosing how they wanna be represented! biggest difference.
- very temporary at the moment
- a lot of people shared their personal stories
- you can tell a lot of the political climax they're going through
- we had little glimpse of what was going on at that time
- snap shots
- compasses and goes through all levels of photography
Dear Stranger, 1998-2000
Shizuku Yokomizo, Japanese, Lives in London
Dear Stranger, I am an artist working on a photographic project which involves people I do not know...I would like to take a photograph of you standing in your front room from the street in the evening. A camera will be set outside the window on the street. If you do not mind being photographed, please stand in the room and look into the camera through the window for 10 minutes on __-__-__ (date and time)...I will take your picture and then leave...we will remain strangers to each other...If you do not want to get involved, please simply draw your curtain and show your refusal...I really hope to see you through your window
- analyze male gaze and female gaze... how they are supposed to pose for each other
- although the photographers will be making so many photographs, both the model and the photographer will be responsible for the photograph.
- mesmerized by just making photographs without any mechanical control that could manipulate the scene and her imagination
- pin-hole camera
- illusion
- into making these visually ambiguous pictures
- real photograph made with pin-hole box camera
- projects the images onto the wall. sometimes it takes about 8-9 hrs to get that image up there
- combine props to inter-mingle the exterior and interior together.
- he wanted to call this a documentary photography-"life of 8 hrs", compilation of 8 hrs of people's life
- later developed a method to reduce the time
- the room is mimicing the camera
- interesting appropriation
- the camera obscura was used to trace real life
- interested in how do I capture time in photography, 2-D image
- we don't even know what those objects are. mesmerized by them
- practitioners to reflect some of the thoughts about cameras and photography
- direct contact with life of ppl who have worn it
- reduce lens-- which manipulate the whole experience
- completely chaotic
- all controlled by how fast the water moves. she has no idea how long she has to expose those photographs. she just completely enjoyed the chance dictated by nature
- making art by letting go of control
- photography is all about controlling, the lights...
fabricated photography
Tableau photography
Photographs are "Constructed" rather than "taken"
- completely fabricated it. published it.
- drunk man dying? joking photograph. suicide mode. he states himself as a drunk dead man
- huge sensation in 1840. known as a media player
- sets the tone of fabricated photography and actually all photographs we see nowadays
- what the camera can do is to record the appearance of things in a manner that no other artistic medium can do. "don't trust photography". cameras can't like but also can't show the truth.
Ralph Eugene Meatyard
(American, 1925-1972)
- lexiton camera club, a ticket to the fame
- experimental
- his family members
- fascinated with the masks
- horrific, mysterious.
- depression they're feeling after the war
- talking about this consensus that everybody is actually failing.
- referencing the society that they're try to navigate through the society
- fabricated, based on the true story, a crime scene
- the female victim killed by that psycho
- 18 pancakes, 18th victim
- mimicing photographs found in investigators' desks. talks to police to look at frenzic photographs
- criticized by lots of feminists at that time
"Flood Dream, Ocean City New Jersey, 1971"
"Stephen Bretch, Bride and Groom, New York, 1970"
- constructive photography
- unrealistic scenes, characteristics of this photographic world
- focusing on power syntasies. connected with political messages.
2. Because they had useful detachment about photography that enables them to use the medium in a way that pure photographer might not be able to.
3. Rather, they are keenly aware of just how effectively photography can function as a carrier of information...and it's usually information they are trying to deliver in their works
4. How did they record performance and what the implied meaning or symbolism might
American, born in 1949
Hitler Moves West
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